What is the term for a civil lawsuit aimed at deprivation of constitutional rights?

The term for a civil lawsuit aimed at deprivation of constitutional rights is known as a 1983 action. This refers to Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, which allows individuals to sue in federal court for civil rights violations committed by persons acting under the authority of state law. This statute is a crucial mechanism through which individuals can seek redress for infringements on their constitutional rights.

The significance of Section 1983 lies in its ability to hold state and local officials accountable for actions that violate constitutional rights, such as the right to free speech, the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures, and protections against cruel and unusual punishment. The action must demonstrate that a specific right secured by the Constitution was violated by an official acting in their official capacity.

Other terms, such as Section 1984 Claim, Due Process Suit, and Constitutional Challenge, do not accurately capture the specific legal framework established under Section 1983, which is specifically designed for addressing claims of constitutional rights violations.